Princess Elizabeth was delivered by Caesarean section at 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair, which was her grandfather Lord Strathmore's London home. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Princess Elizabeth was born at 02:40 ( GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her state funeral was the first to be held in the United Kingdom since that of Winston Churchill in 1965. Elizabeth died in September 2022 at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire, at the age of 96, and was succeeded by her eldest child, King Charles III. Although she faced occasional republican sentiment and media criticism of her family-particularly after the breakdowns of her children's marriages, her annus horribilis in 1992, and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law Diana, Princess of Wales-support for the monarchy in the United Kingdom remained consistently high throughout her lifetime, as did her personal popularity. Significant events included Elizabeth's coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, Diamond, and Platinum jubilees in 1977, 2002, 2012, and 2022, respectively.
Her many historic visits and meetings included state visits to China in 1986, to Russia in 1994, and to the Republic of Ireland in 2011, and meetings with five popes. As queen, Elizabeth was served by more than 170 prime ministers across her realms. The number of her realms varied over time as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Elizabeth reigned as a constitutional monarch through major political changes such as the Troubles in Northern Ireland, devolution in the United Kingdom, the decolonisation of Africa, and the United Kingdom's accession to the European Communities and withdrawal from the European Union.
When her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth-then 25 years old-became queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (known today as Sri Lanka), as well as Head of the Commonwealth. They had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, and their marriage lasted 73 years until his death in 2021. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. Her father acceded to the throne in 1936 upon the abdication of his brother Edward VIII, making Princess Elizabeth the heir presumptive. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days was the longest of any British monarch and the longest verified reign of any female monarch in history.Įlizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and 15 at the time of her death.
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